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JSONLD-JAVA

This is a Java implementation of the JSON-LD 1.0 specification and the JSON-LD-API 1.0 specification.

USAGE

From Maven

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.jsonld-java</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsonld-java</artifactId>
    <version>0.13.4</version>
</dependency>

Code example

// Open a valid json(-ld) input file
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("input.json");
// Read the file into an Object (The type of this object will be a List, Map, String, Boolean,
// Number or null depending on the root object in the file).
Object jsonObject = JsonUtils.fromInputStream(inputStream);
// Create a context JSON map containing prefixes and definitions
Map context = new HashMap();
// Customise context...
// Create an instance of JsonLdOptions with the standard JSON-LD options
JsonLdOptions options = new JsonLdOptions();
// Customise options...
// Call whichever JSONLD function you want! (e.g. compact)
Object compact = JsonLdProcessor.compact(jsonObject, context, options);
// Print out the result (or don't, it's your call!)
System.out.println(JsonUtils.toPrettyString(compact));

Processor options

The Options specified by the JSON-LD API Specification are accessible via the com.github.jsonldjava.core.JsonLdOptions class, and each JsonLdProcessor.* function has an optional input to take an instance of this class.

Controlling network traffic

Parsing JSON-LD will normally follow any external @context declarations. Loading these contexts from the network may in some cases not be desirable, or might require additional proxy configuration or authentication.

JSONLD-Java uses the Apache HTTPComponents Client for these network connections, based on the SystemDefaultHttpClient which reads standard Java properties like http.proxyHost.

The default HTTP Client is wrapped with a CachingHttpClient to provide a small memory-based cache (1000 objects, max 128 kB each) of regularly accessed contexts.

Loading contexts from classpath

Your application might be parsing JSONLD documents which always use the same external @context IRIs. Although the default HTTP cache (see above) will avoid repeated downloading of the same contexts, your application would still initially be vulnerable to network connectivity.

To bypass this issue, and even facilitate parsing of such documents in an offline state, it is possible to provide a 'warmed' cache populated from the classpath, e.g. loaded from a JAR.

In your application, simply add a resource jarcache.json to the root of your classpath together with the JSON-LD contexts to embed. (Note that you might have to recursively embed any nested contexts).

The syntax of jarcache.json is best explained by example:

[
  {
    "Content-Location": "http://www.example.com/context",
    "X-Classpath": "contexts/example.jsonld",
    "Content-Type": "application/ld+json"
  },
  {
    "Content-Location": "http://data.example.net/other",
    "X-Classpath": "contexts/other.jsonld",
    "Content-Type": "application/ld+json"
  }
]

(See also core/src/test/resources/jarcache.json).

This will mean that any JSON-LD document trying to import the @context http://www.example.com/context will instead be given contexts/example.jsonld loaded as a classpath resource.

The X-Classpath location is an IRI reference resolved relative to the location of the jarcache.json - so if you have multiple JARs with a jarcache.json each, then the X-Classpath will be resolved within the corresponding JAR (minimizing any conflicts).

Additional HTTP headers (such as Content-Type above) can be included, although these are generally ignored by JSONLD-Java.

Unless overridden in jarcache.json, this Cache-Control header is automatically injected together with the current Date, meaning that the resource loaded from the JAR will effectively never expire (the real HTTP server will never be consulted by the Apache HTTP client):

Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 13:25:08 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=2147483647

The mechanism for loading jarcache.json relies on Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader() to locate resources from the classpath - if you are running on a command line, within a framework (e.g. OSGi) or Servlet container (e.g. Tomcat) this should normally be set correctly. If not, try:

ClassLoader oldContextCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
try { 
    Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
    JsonLdProcessor.expand(input);   // or any other JsonLd operation
} finally { 
    // Restore, in case the current thread was doing something else
    // with the context classloader before calling our method
    Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(oldContextCL);
}

To disable all remote document fetching, when using the default DocumentLoader, set the following Java System Property to "true" using:

System.setProperty("com.github.jsonldjava.disallowRemoteContextLoading", "true");

You can also use the constant provided in DocumentLoader for the same purpose:

System.setProperty(DocumentLoader.DISALLOW_REMOTE_CONTEXT_LOADING, "true");

Note that if you override DocumentLoader you should also support this setting for consistency and security.

Loading contexts from a string

Your application might be parsing JSONLD documents which reference external @context IRIs that are not available as file URIs on the classpath. In this case, the jarcache.json approach will not work. Instead you can inject the literal context file strings through the JsonLdOptions object, as follows:

// Inject a context document into the options as a literal string
DocumentLoader dl = new DocumentLoader();
JsonLdOptions options = new JsonLdOptions();
// ... the contents of "contexts/example.jsonld"
String jsonContext = "{ \"@context\": { ... } }";
dl.addInjectedDoc("http://www.example.com/context",  jsonContext);
options.setDocumentLoader(dl);

InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("input.json");
Object jsonObject = JsonUtils.fromInputStream(inputStream);
Map context = new HashMap();
Object compact = JsonLdProcessor.compact(jsonObject, context, options);
System.out.println(JsonUtils.toPrettyString(compact));

Customizing the Apache HttpClient

To customize the HTTP behaviour (e.g. to disable the cache or provide authentication credentials), you may want to create and configure your own CloseableHttpClient instance, which can be passed to a DocumentLoader instance using setHttpClient(). This document loader can then be inserted into JsonLdOptions using setDocumentLoader() and passed as an argument to JsonLdProcessor arguments.

Example of inserting a credential provider (e.g. to load a @context protected by HTTP Basic Auth):

Object input = JsonUtils.fromInputStream(..);
DocumentLoader documentLoader = new DocumentLoader();
        
CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
credsProvider.setCredentials(
        new AuthScope("localhost", 443),
        new UsernamePasswordCredentials("username", "password"));
       
CacheConfig cacheConfig = CacheConfig.custom().setMaxCacheEntries(1000)
        .setMaxObjectSize(1024 * 128).build();

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = CachingHttpClientBuilder
        .create()
        // allow caching
        .setCacheConfig(cacheConfig)
        // Wrap the local JarCacheStorage around a BasicHttpCacheStorage
        .setHttpCacheStorage(
                new JarCacheStorage(null, cacheConfig, new BasicHttpCacheStorage(
                        cacheConfig)))....
		
        // Add in the credentials provider
        .setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
        // When you are finished setting the properties, call build
        .build();

documentLoader.setHttpClient(httpClient);
        
JsonLdOptions options = new JsonLdOptions();
options.setDocumentLoader(documentLoader);
// .. and any other options        
Object rdf = JsonLdProcessor.toRDF(input, options);

PLAYGROUND

The jsonld-java-tools repository contains a simple application which provides command line access to JSON-LD functions

Initial clone and setup

git clone [email protected]:jsonld-java/jsonld-java-tools.git
chmod +x ./jsonldplayground

Usage

run the following to get usage details:

./jsonldplayground --help

For Developers

Compiling & Packaging

jsonld-java uses maven to compile. From the base jsonld-java module run mvn clean install to install the jar into your local maven repository.

Running tests

mvn test

or

mvn test -pl core

to run only core package tests

Code style

The JSONLD-Java project uses custom Eclipse formatting and cleanup style guides to ensure that Pull Requests are fairly simple to merge.

These guides can be found in the /conf directory and can be installed in Eclipse using "Properties>Java Code Style>Formatter", followed by "Properties>Java Code Style>Clean Up" for each of the modules making up the JSONLD-Java project.

If you don't use Eclipse, then don't worry, your pull requests can be cleaned up by a repository maintainer prior to merging, but it makes the initial check easier if the modified code uses the conventions.

Submitting Pull Requests

Once you have made a change to fix a bug or add a new feature, you should commit and push the change to your fork.

Then, you can open a pull request to merge your change into the master branch of the main repository.

Implementation Reports for JSONLD-Java conformance with JSONLD-1.0

The Implementation Reports documenting the conformance of JSONLD-Java with JSONLD-1.0 are available at:

https://github.com/jsonld-java/jsonld-java/tree/master/core/reports

Regenerating Implementation Report

Implementation Reports conforming to the JSON-LD Implementation Report document can be regenerated using the following command:

mvn test -pl core -Dtest=JsonLdProcessorTest -Dreport.format=<format>

Current possible values for <format> include JSON-LD (application/ld+json or jsonld), NQuads (text/plain, nquads, ntriples, nq or nt) and Turtle (text/turtle, turtle or ttl). * can be used to generate reports in all available formats.

Integration of JSONLD-Java with other Java packages

This is the base package for JSONLD-Java. Integration with other Java packages are done in separate repositories.

Existing integrations

• Eclipse RDF4J
• Apache Jena
• RDF2GO
• Apache Clerezza

Creating an integration module

Create a repository for your module

Create a GitHub repository for your module under your user account, or have a JSONLD-Java maintainer create one in the jsonld-java organisation.

Create maven module

Create pom.xml for your module

Here is the basic outline for what your module's pom.xml should look like

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <parent>
    <groupId>com.github.jsonld-java</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsonld-java-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.13.4</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>jsonld-java-{your module}</artifactId>
  <version>0.13.4-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>JSONLD Java :: {your module name}</name>
  <description>JSON-LD Java integration module for {RDF Library your module integrates}</description>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <developers>
    <developer>
      <name>{YOU}</name>
      <email>{YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS}</email>
    </developer>
  </developers>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsonld-java</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
      <type>jar</type> 
      <scope>compile</scope> 
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsonld-java</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
      <type>test-jar</type>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-jdk14</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

Make sure you edit the following:

• project/artifactId : set this to jsonld-java-{module id}, where {module id} usually represents the RDF library you're integrating (e.g. jsonld-java-jena)
• project/name : set this to JSONLD Java :: {Module Name}, wher {module name} is usually the name of the RDF library you're integrating.
• project/description
• project/developers/developer/... : Give youself credit by filling in the developer field. At least put your <name> in (see here for all available options).
• project/dependencies/... : remember to add any dependencies your project needs

Import into your favorite editor

For Example: Follow the first few steps in the section above to import the whole jsonld-java project or only your new module into eclipse.

Create RDFParser Implementation

The interface com.github.jsonldjava.core.RDFParser is used to parse RDF from the library into the JSONLD-Java internal RDF format. See the documentation in RDFParser.java for details on how to implement this interface.

Create TripleCallback Implementation

The interface com.github.jsonldjava.core.JSONLDTripleCallback is used to generate a representation of the JSON-LD input in the RDF library. See the documentation in JSONLDTripleCallback.java for details on how to implement this interface.

Using your Implementations

RDFParser

A JSONLD RDF parser is a class that can parse your frameworks' RDF model and generate JSON-LD.

There are two ways to use your RDFParser implementation.

Register your parser with the JSONLD class and set options.format when you call fromRDF

JSONLD.registerRDFParser("format/identifier", new YourRDFParser());
Object jsonld = JSONLD.fromRDF(yourInput, new Options("") {{ format = "format/identifier" }});

or pass an instance of your RDFParser into the fromRDF function

Object jsonld = JSONLD.fromRDF(yourInput, new YourRDFParser());

JSONLDTripleCallback

A JSONLD triple callback is a class that can populate your framework's RDF model from JSON-LD - being called for each triple (technically quad).

Pass an instance of your TripleCallback to JSONLD.toRDF

Object yourOutput = JSONLD.toRDF(jsonld, new YourTripleCallback());

Integrate with your framework

Your framework might have its own system of readers and writers, where you should register JSON-LD as a supported format. Remember that here the "parse" direction is opposite of above, a 'reader' may be a class that can parse JSON-LD and populate an RDF Graph.

Write Tests

It's helpful to have a test or two for your implementations to make sure they work and continue to work with future versions.

Write README.md

Write a README.md file with instrutions on how to use your module.

Submit your module

Once you've committed your code, and pushed it into your github fork you can issue a Pull Request so that we can add a reference to your module in this README file.

Alternatively, we can also host your repository in the jsonld-java organisation to give it more visibility.

CHANGELOG

2021-12-13

• Release 0.13.4
• Switch test logging from log4j to logback (Patch by @ansell)
• Improve Travis CI build Performance (Patch by @YunLemon)

2021-03-06

• Release 0.13.3
• Fix @type when subject and object are the same (Reported by @barthanssens, Patch by @umbreak)
• Ignore @base if remote context is not relative (Reported by @whikloj, Patch by @dr0i)
• Fix throwing recursive context inclusion (Patch by @umbreak)

2020-09-24

• Release 0.13.2
• Fix Guava dependency shading (Reported by @ggrasso)
• Fix @context issues when using a remote context (Patch by @umbreak)
• Deprecate Context.serialize (Patch by @umbreak)

2020-09-09

• Release 0.13.1
• Fix java.net.URI resolution (Reported by @ebremer and @afs, Patch by @dr0i)
• Shade Guava failureaccess module (Patch by @peacekeeper)
• Don't minimize Guava class shading (Patch by @elahrvivaz)
• Follow link headers to @context files (Patch by @dr0i and @fsteeg)

2019-11-28

• Release 0.13.0
• Bump Jackson versions to latest for security updates (Patch by @afs)
• Do not canonicalise XSD Decimal typed values (Patch by @jhg023)
• Bump dependency and plugin versions

2019-08-03

• Release 0.12.5
• Bump Jackson versions to latest for security updates (Patches by @afs)
• IRI resolution fixes (Patch by @fsteeg)

2019-04-20

• Release 0.12.4
• Bump Jackson version to 2.9.8
• Add a regression test for a past framing bug
• Throw error on empty key
• Add regression tests for workarounds to Text/URL dual definitions
• Persist JsonLdOptions through normalize/toRDF

2018-11-24

• Release 0.12.3
• Fix NaN/Inf/-Inf raw value types on conversion to RDF
• Added fix for wrong rdf:type to @type conversion (Path by @umbreak)
• Open up Context.getTypeMapping and Context.getLanguageMapping for reuse

2018-11-03

• W3c json ld syntax 34 allow container set on aliased type (Patch by @dr0i)
• Release 0.12.2

2018-09-05

• handle omit graph flag (Patch by @eroux)
• Release 0.12.1
• Make pruneBlankNodeIdentifiers false by default in 1.0 mode and always true in 1.1 mode (Patch by @eroux)
• Fix issue with blank node identifier pruning when @id is aliased (Patch by @eroux)
• Allow wildcard {} for @id in framing (Patch by @eroux)

2018-07-07

• Fix tests setup for schema.org with HttpURLConnection that break because of the inability of HttpURLConnection to redirect from HTTP to HTTPS

2018-04-08

• Release 0.12.0
• Encapsulate RemoteDocument and make it immutable

2018-04-03

• Fix performance issue caused by not caching schema.org and others that use Cache-Control: private (Patch by @HansBrende)
• Cache classpath scans for jarcache.json to fix a similar performance issue
• Add internal shaded dependency on Google Guava to use maintained soft and weak reference maps rather than adhoc versions
• Make JsonLdError a RuntimeException to improve its use in closures
• Bump minor version to 0.12 to reflect the API incompatibility caused by JsonLdError and protected field change and hiding in JarCacheStorage

2018-01-25

• Fix resource leak in JsonUtils.fromURL on unsuccessful requests (Patch by @plaplaige)

2017-11-15

• Ignore UTF BOM (Patch by @christopher-johnson)

2017-08-26

• Release 0.11.1
• Fix @embed:@always support (Patch by @dr0i)

2017-08-24

• Release 0.11.0

2017-08-22

• Add implicit "flag only" subframe to fix incomplete list recursion (Patch by @christopher-johnson)
• Support pruneBlankNodeIdentifiers framing option in 1.1 mode (Patch by @fsteeg and @eroux)
• Support new @embed values (Patch by @eroux)

2017-07-11

• Add injection of contexts directly into DocumentLoader (Patch by @ryankenney)
• Fix N-Quads content type (Patch by @NicolasRouquette)
• Add JsonUtils.fromJsonParser (Patch by @dschulten)

2017-02-16

• Make literals compare consistently (Patch by @stain)
• Release 0.10.0

2017-01-09

• Propagate causes for JsonLdError instances where they were caused by other Exceptions
• Remove schema.org hack as it appears to work again now...
• Remove deprecated and unused APIs
• Bump version to 0.10.0-SNAPSHOT per the removed/changed APIs

2016-12-23

• Release 0.9.0
• Fixes schema.org support that is broken with Apache HTTP Client but works with java.net.URL

2016-05-20

• Fix reported NPE in JsonLdApi.removeDependents

2016-05-18

• Release 0.8.3
• Fix @base in remote contexts corrupting the local context

2016-04-23

• Support @default inside of sets for framing

2016-02-29

• Fix ConcurrentModificationException in the implementation of the Framing API

2016-02-17

• Re-release version 0.8.2 with the refactoring work actually in it. 0.8.1 is identical in functionality to 0.8.0
• Release version 0.8.1
• Refactor JSONUtils and DocumentLoader to move most of the static logic into JSONUtils, and deprecate the DocumentLoader versions

2016-02-10

• Release version 0.8.0

2015-11-19

• Replace deprecated HTTPClient code with the new builder pattern
• Chain JarCacheStorage to any other HttpCacheStorage to simplify the way local caching is performed
• Bump version to 0.8.0-SNAPSHOT as some interface method parameters changed, particularly, DocumentLoader.setHttpClient changed to require CloseableHttpClient that was introduced in HttpClient-4.3

2015-11-16

• Bump dependencies to latest versions, particularly HTTPClient that is seeing more use on 4.5/4.4 than the 4.2 series that we have used so far
• Performance improvements for serialisation to N-Quads by replacing string append and replace with StringBuilder
• Support setting a system property, com.github.jsonldjava.disallowRemoteContextLoading, to "true" to disable remote context loading.

2015-09-30

• Release 0.7.0

2015-09-27

• Move Tools, Clerezza and RDF2GO modules out to separate repositories. The Tools repository had a circular build dependency with Sesame, while the other modules are best located and managed in separate repositories

2015-08-25

• Remove Sesame-2.7 module in favour of sesame-rio-jsonld for Sesame-2.8 and 4.0
• Fix bug where parsing did not fail if content was present after the end of a full JSON top level element

2015-03-12

• Compact context arrays if they contain a single element during compaction
• Bump to Sesame-2.7.15

2015-03-01

• Use jopt-simple for the playground cli to simplify the coding and improve error messages
• Allow RDF parsing and writing using all of the available Sesame Rio parsers through the playground cli
• Make the httpclient dependency OSGi compliant

2014-12-31

• Fix locale sensitive serialisation of XSD double/decimal typed literals to always be Locale.US
• Bump to Sesame-2.7.14
• Bump to Clerezza-0.14

2014-11-14

• Fix identification of integer, boolean, and decimal in RDF-JSONLD with useNativeTypes
• Release 0.5.1

2014-10-29

• Add OSGi metadata to Jar files
• Bump to Sesame-2.7.13

2014-07-14

• Release version 0.5.0
• Fix Jackson parse exceptions being propagated through Sesame without wrapping as RDFParseExceptions

2014-07-02

• Fix use of Java-7 API so we are still Java-6 compatible
• Ensure that Sesame RDFHandler endRDF and startRDF are called in SesameTripleCallback

2014-06-30

• Release version 0.4.2
• Bump to Sesame-2.7.12
• Remove Jena integration module, as it is now maintained by Jena team in their repository

2014-04-22

• Release version 0.4
• Bump to Sesame-2.7.11
• Bump to Jackson-2.3.3
• Bump to Jena-2.11.1

2014-03-26

• Bump RDF2GO to version 5.0.0

2014-03-24

• Allow loading remote @context from bundled JAR cache
• Support JSON array in @context with toRDF
• Avoid exception on @context with default @language and unmapped key

2014-02-24

• Javadoc some core classes, JsonLdProcessor, JsonLdApi, and JsonUtils
• Rename some core classes for consistency, particularly JSONUtils to JsonUtils and JsonLdTripleCallback
• Fix for a Context constructor that wasn't taking base into account

2014-02-20

• Fix JsonLdApi mapping options in framing algorithm (Thanks Scott Blomquist @sblom)

2014-02-06

• Release version 0.3
• Bump to Sesame-2.7.10
• Fix Jena module to use new API

2014-01-29

• Updated to final Recommendation
• Namespaces supported by Sesame integration module
• Initial implementation of remote document loading
• Bump to Jackson-2.3.1

2013-11-22

• updated jena writer

2013-11-07

• Integration packages renamed com.github.jsonldjava.sesame, com.github.jsonldjava.jena etc. (Issue #76)

2013-10-07

• Matched class names to Spec

• Renamed JSONLDException to JsonLdError
• Renamed JSONLDProcessor to JsonLdApi
• Renamed JSONLD to JsonLdProcessor
• Renamed ActiveContext to Context
• Renamed Options to JsonLdOptions

• All context related utility functions moved to be members of the Context class

2013-09-30

• Fixed JSON-LD to Jena to handle of BNodes

2013-09-02

• Add RDF2Go integration
• Bump Sesame and Clerezza dependency versions

2013-06-18

• Bump to version 0.2
• Updated Turtle integration
• Added Caching of contexts loaded from URI
• Added source formatting eclipse config
• Fixed up seasame integration package names
• Replaced depreciated Jackson code

2013-05-19

• Added Turtle RDFParser and TripleCallback
• Changed Maven groupIds to com.github.jsonld-java to match github domain.
• Released version 0.1

2013-05-16

• Updated core code to match JSON-LD 1.0 Processing Algorithms and API / W3C Editor's Draft 14 May 2013
• Deprecated JSONLDSerializer in favor of the RDFParser interface to better represent the purpose of the interface and better fit in with the updated core code.
• Updated the JSONLDTripleCallback to better fit with the updated code.
• Updated the Playground tool to support updated core code.

2013-05-07

• Changed base package names to com.github.jsonldjava
• Reverted version to 0.1-SNAPSHOT to allow version incrementing pre 1.0 while allowing a 1.0 release when the json-ld spec is finalised.
• Turned JSONLDTripleCallback into an interface.

2013-04-18

• Updated to Sesame 2.7.0, Jena 2.10.0, Jackson 2.1.4
• Fixing a character encoding issue in the JSONLDProcessorTests
• Bumping to 1.0.1 to reflect dependency changes

2012-10-30

• Brought the implementation up to date with the reference implementation (minus the normalization stuff)
• Changed entry point for the functions to the static functions in the JSONLD class
• Changed the JSONLDSerializer to an abstract class, requiring the implementation of a "parse" function. The JSONLDSerializer is now passed to the JSONLD.fromRDF function.
• Added JSONLDProcessingError class to handle errors more efficiently

Considerations for 1.0 release / optimisations

• The Context class is a Map and many of the options are stored as values of the map. These could be made into variables, whice should speed things up a bit (the same with the termDefinitions variable inside the Context).
• some sort of document loader interface (with a mockup for testing) is required