JDeferred 2.x
JDeferred is a Java Deferred/Promise library similar to JQuery's Deferred Object.
Inspired by JQuery and Android Deferred Object.
If you are using JDeferred 1.x, see JDeferred 1.x Documentation
Features
- Deferred object and Promise
- Promise callbacks
.then(…).filter(…).pipe(…).done(…).fail(…).progress(…).always(…).pipeAlways(…)
- Multiple promises
.when(p1, p2, p3, …).then(…).race(p1, p2, p3, …).then(…).settle(p1, p2, p3, …).then(…)
- Callable and Runnable wrappers
.when(new Runnable() {…}).race(new Runnable() {…}).settle(new Runnable() {…})
- Uses Executor Service
- Java Generics support
Deferred<Integer, Exception, Double> deferred;deferred.resolve(10);deferred.reject(new Exception());deferred.notify(0.80);
- Android Support
- Java 8 Lambda friendly
- Yes it's on Maven Central Repository!
Maven
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jdeferred.v2</groupId>
<artifactId>jdeferred-core</artifactId>
<version>${version}</version>
</dependency>
Gradle
compile 'org.jdeferred.v2:jdeferred-core:${version}'
Find available versions on Maven Central Repository.
Compatibility
Compatibility reports between versions:
Quick Examples
Deferred object and Promise
Deferred deferred = new DeferredObject();
Promise promise = deferred.promise();
promise.done(new DoneCallback() {
public void onDone(Object result) {
...
}
}).fail(new FailCallback() {
public void onFail(Object rejection) {
...
}
}).progress(new ProgressCallback() {
public void onProgress(Object progress) {
...
}
}).always(new AlwaysCallback() {
public void onAlways(State state, Object result, Object rejection) {
...
}
});
With the reference to deferred object, you can then trigger actions/updates:
deferred.resolve("done");
deferred.reject("oops");
deferred.notify("100%");
Filter
Use
.filter(...)instead of.then(...)since 2.0.0-Beta2
Deferred d = …;
Promise p = d.promise();
Promise filtered = p.filter(new DoneFilter<Integer, Integer>() {
public Integer filterDone(Integer result)
return result * 10;
}
});
filtered.done(new DoneCallback<Integer>() {
public void onDone(Integer result) {
// result would be original * 10
System.out.println(result);
}
});
d.resolve(3) -> 30.
Pipe
Use
.pipe(...)instead of.then(...)since 2.0.0-Beta2
Deferred d = ...;
Promise p = d.promise();
p.pipe(new DonePipe<Integer, Integer, Exception, Void>() {
public Deferred<Integer, Exception, Void> pipeDone(Integer result) {
if (result < 100) {
return new DeferredObject<Integer, Void, Void>().resolve(result);
} else {
return new DeferredObject<Integer, Void, Void>().reject(new Exception(...));
}
}
}).done(...).fail(...);
d.resolve(80) -> done!
d.resolve(100) -> fail!
Deferred Manager
DeferredManager dm = new DefaultDeferredManager();
Promise p1, p2, p3;
// initialize p1, p2, p3
dm.when(p1, p2, p3)
.done(…)
.fail(…)
You can also specify a Executor Service for your need.
DeferredManager dm = new DefaultDeferredManager(myExecutorService);
Runnable and Callable
You can use Callable and Runnable almost like a Promise without any additional work.
DeferredManager dm = new DefaultDeferredManager();
dm.when(new Callable<Integer>(){
public Integer call() {
// return something
// or throw a new exception
}
}).done(new DoneCallback<Integer>() {
public void onDone(Integer result) {
...
}
}).fail(new FailCallback<Throwable>() {
public void onFail(Throwable e) {
...
}
});
If you need to notify progress within your Callable or Runnable, you either need to create your own Deferred object and Promise, or you can use DeferredCallable and DeferredRunnable.
Use your own Deferred object
final Deferred deferred = ...
Promise promise = deferred.promise();
promise.then(…);
Runnable r = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
while (…) {
deferred.notify(myProgress);
}
deferred.resolve("done");
}
}
Or, extending DeferredRunnable
DeferredManager dm = …;
dm.when(new DeferredRunnable<Double>(){
public void run() {
while (…) {
notify(myProgress);
}
}
}).then(…);
Wait and WaitSafely
Since 1.0.1
Normally, when using this framework, you would want to do things asynchronously. However, if there is a need to wait for all deferred tasks to finish, you can use Object.wait or Promise.waitSafely methods.
Promise p = dm.when(...)
.done(...)
.fail(...)
synchronized (p)
while (p.isPending()) {
try {
p.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) { ... }
}
}
Alternatively, you can use a more simplified shortcut
Promise p = dm.when(...)
.done(...)
.fail(...)
try {
p.waitSafely();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
...
}
Java 8 Lambda
Now this is pretty cool when used with Java 8 Lambda!
dm.when(() -> {
return "Hey!";
}).done(r -> System.out.println(r));
dm.when(
() -> { return "Hello"; },
() -> { return "World"; }
).done(rs ->
rs.forEach(r -> System.out.println(r.getResult()))
);
When
Calls to when with multiple arguments results in a Promise that signals fail on the first rejection or signals done with all computed values.
Success scenario
Callable<Integer> c1 = () -> 1;
Callable<Integer> c2 = () -> 2;
Callable<Integer> c3 = () -> 3;
Promise<MultipleResults3<Integer, Integer, Integer>, OneReject<Throwable>, MasterProgress> p = dm.when(c1, c2, c3);
p.done(MultipleResults3<Integer, Integer, Integer> r -> {
Assert.assertEquals(r.getFirst(), 1);
Assert.assertEquals(r.getSecond(), 2);
Assert.assertEquals(r.getThird(), 3);
});
Failure scenario
Callable<Integer> c1 = () -> 1;
Callable<Integer> c2 = () -> 2;
Callable<Integer> c3 = () -> throw new RuntimeException("boom!");
Promise<MultipleResults3<Integer, Integer, Integer>, OneReject<Throwable>, MasterProgress> p = dm.when(c1, c2, c3);
p.done(MultipleResults3<Integer, Integer, Integer> r -> Assert.fail("should not be called"))
.fail(OneReject<Throwable> r -> Assert.assertEquals(r.getReject().getMessage(), "boom!"));
Since 2.0.0
Calls to when with multiple arguments (up to five) will produce results with typesafe getters.
Race
Since 2.0.0
Calls to race with multiple arguments results in a Promise that signals fail on the first rejection or signals done on the first resolution.
Success scenario
Callable<Integer> c1 = () -> { Thread.sleep(200); return 1; };
Callable<Integer> c2 = () -> { Thread.sleep(100); return 2; };
Callable<Integer> c3 = () -> { Thread.sleep(200); return 3; };
Promise<OneResult<?>, OneReject<Throwable>, Void> p = dm.race(c1, c2, c3);
p.done(OneResult<?> r -> Assert.assertEquals(r.getResult(), 2));
Failure scenario
Callable<Integer> c1 = () -> { Thread.sleep(200); return 1; };
Callable<Integer> c2 = () -> { Thread.sleep(100); throw new RuntimeException("boom!"); };
Callable<Integer> c3 = () -> { Thread.sleep(200); return 3; };
Promise<OneResult<?>, OneReject<Throwable>, Void> p = dm.race(c1, c2, c3);
p.done(OneResult<?> r -> Assert.fail("should not be called")
.fail(OneReject<Throwable> r -> Assert.assertEquals(r.getReject().getMessage(), "boom!"));
Settle
Since 2.0.0
Calls to settle with multiple arguments results in a Promise that collects all resolutions and rejections.
Callable<Integer> c1 = () -> { Thread.sleep(200); return 1; };
Callable<Integer> c2 = () -> { Thread.sleep(100); throw new RuntimeException("boom!"); };
Callable<Integer> c3 = () -> { Thread.sleep(200); return 3; };
Promise<AllValues, Throwable, MasterProgress>, Void> p = dm.race(c1, c2, c3);
p.done(AllValues r -> {
Assert.assertEquals(r.get(0).getValue(), 1);
Assert.assertTrue(r.get(1).getValue() instanceof RuntimeException);
Assert.assertEquals(r.get(2).getValue(), 3);
});
Cancellation Handler
Since 2.0.0
Sometimes a task may be cancelled while its running and would require ti cleanup any resources it may have allocated. You may define a task that implements the org.jdeferred2.CancellationHandler interface or pass and extra argument to DeferredFutureTask with such implementation, for example
final DataSource datasource = ...;
class DatabaseTask extends Runnable, CancellationHandler {
@Override
public void run() {
// perform computation with datasource
}
@Override
public void onCancel() {
try {
datasource.close();
} catch(Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
}
}
DeferredFutureTask<X> task = new DeferredFutureTask(new DatabaseTask());
dm.when(task).done(...)
You may also pass the CancellationHandler as an additional argument, for example
final DataSource datasource = ...;
class DatabaseTask extends Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// perform computation with datasource
}
}
class DatabaseCancellationHandler implements CancellationHandler {
@Override
public void onCancel() {
try {
datasource.close();
} catch(Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
}
}
DeferredFutureTask<X> task = new DeferredFutureTask(new DatabaseTask(), new DatabaseCancellationHandler());
dm.when(task).done(...)
Groovy
You can also easily use with Groovy!
@Grab('org.jdeferred.v2:jdeferred-core:2.0.0')
import org.jdeferred2.*
import org.jdeferred2.impl.*
def deferred = new DeferredObject()
def promise = deferred.promise()
promise.done { result ->
println "done: $result"
}.fail { rejection ->
println "fail: $rejection"
}.always { state, result, rejection ->
println "always"
}
deferred.resolve("done")
Android Support
Since 1.1.0-Beta1
jdeferred-android is now available, and it can be included just like any other Android libraries! It also uses Android Maven plugin and builds apklib file. If you use Android Maven plugin, you can include dependency:
APKLIB with Maven:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jdeferred.v2</groupId>
<artifactId>jdeferred-android</artifactId>
<version>${version}</version>
<type>apklib</type>
</dependency>
AAR with Maven:
Since 1.2.0-Beta1
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jdeferred.v2</groupId>
<artifactId>jdeferred-android-aar</artifactId>
<version>${version}</version>
<type>aar</type>
</dependency>
AAR with Gradle:
compile 'org.jdeferred.v2:jdeferred-android-aar:${version}'
// or
compile 'org.jdeferred.v2:jdeferred-android-aar:${version}@aar'
Find available versions on Maven Central Repository.
jdeferred-android introduces a new DeferredManager implementation called AndroidDeferredManager. AndroidDeferredManager makes sure that callbacks are executed in UI Thread rather than background Thread in order for callbacks to make UI updates. Alternatively, callbacks can also implement AndroidExecutionScopeable interface to fine-grain control whether the callback should execute in UI Thread or background Thread.
AndroidDeferredManager also supports new DeferredAsyncTask object. This object is based on Android's AsyncTask.
If you need to always execute callbacks in background thread, then you can continue to use DefaultDeferredManager.
Lastly, because JDeferred use SLF4J - you can further route log messages using slf4j-android.
Asynchronous Servlet
Here is a sample code on how to use JDeferred with Asynchronous Servlet!
@WebServlet(value = "/AsyncServlet", asyncSupported = true)
public class AsyncServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
private DeferredManager dm = new DefaultDeferredManager(executorService);
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
final AsyncContext actx = request.startAsync(request, response);
dm.when(new Callable<String>() {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
if (actx.getRequest().getParameter("fail") != null) {
throw new Exception("oops!");
}
Thread.sleep(2000);
return "Hello World!";
}
}).then(new DoneCallback<String>() {
@Override
public void onDone(String result) {
actx.getRequest().setAttribute("message", result);
actx.dispatch("/hello.jsp");
}
}).fail(new FailCallback<Throwable>() {
@Override
public void onFail(Throwable exception) {
actx.getRequest().setAttribute("exception", exception);
actx.dispatch("/error.jsp");
}
});
}
}
Deprecations
v1.2.5
DeferredManager.StartPolicy.MANAULDeferredManager.StartPolicy.MANUALinstead.
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